![]() developed a third questionnaire, the MBI-General Survey (MBI-GS), to be used for general professionals.ĭespite its popularity, the validity of the MBI – in all its versions – has been the subject of considerable debate, , and many scholars tested alternative models of the inventory, increasing or decreasing the number of the factors or reducing the original 22-item set. In the 1990s, research on burnout was extended to professionals other than those employed in human services: Schaufeli et al. The first, intended for workers employed in health and social services, was later renamed MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) to differentiate it from the one developed for educators, the MBI-Educators’ Survey (MBI-ED). This conceptualization led to the identification of the three main dimensions of burnout that are assessed in the Maslach Burnout Inventory-MBI, the worldwide leading instrument for the assessment of burnout, by means of three sub-scales: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Maslach defined burnout in the 1970s as “a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment that can occur among individuals who do ‘people work’ of some kind” (, p. Occupational burnout is a psychological response to chronic work-related stress of an interpersonal and emotional nature that appears in professionals working directly with clients, patients, or other recipients. ![]()
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